III. CONDITIONS OF ACCESSION a) The European State

The sole material condition laid down by Article O of the TEU is that the applicant must be a ‘European State’. There is no unequivocal interpretation of that criterion. It can be read equally well in geographical, cultural or political terms.

In 1987 an application to become a Member of the Communities was received from Morocco. The application was rejected by the Council on the grounds that Morocco was not a European State ( 7). In the case of Turkey, Article 28 of the Association Agreement signed in 1963 incudes the option of Turkey’s eventually acceding to the Communities. Turkey in fact lodged an application to accede on 14 April 1987. Historically, Turkey has formed part of the so-called ‘European concert’. Although part of Turkey’s territory is located geographically in Asia, Parliament, the Council and the Commission have confirmed Turkey’s eligibility ( 8). This example shows that the term ‘European State’ need not be interpreted in a strictly geographical sense. It is at all events a criterion subject to political assessment.

https://www.europarl.europa.eu/enlargement/briefings/23a2_en.htm